Data processing — Implementation of the ISO 7- bit and 8- bit coded character sets on punched cards. Information and documentation — Glagolitic alphabet coded character set for bibliographic information interchange.
Information and documentation — Mathematical coded character set for bibliographic information interchange. Information processing — Coded character sets for text communication — Part 1: General introduction. Information processing — Coded character sets for text communication — Part 2: Latin alphabetic and non-alphabetic graphic characters.
Information processing — Coded character sets for text communication — Part 2: Latin alphabetic and non-alphabetic graphic characters — Addendum 1. Information technology — Coded graphic character set for text communication — Latin alphabet.
Information processing — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin alphabet No. Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin alphabet No.
Information processing — 8-bit single byte coded graphic character sets — Part 2: Latin alphabet No. Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 2: Latin alphabet No.
Information processing — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 3: Latin alphabet No. Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 3: Latin alphabet No. Information processing — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 4: Latin alphabet No. Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 4: Latin alphabet No.
Information processing — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 9: Latin alphabet No. Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 9: Latin alphabet No. Information technology — 8-Bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part Latin alphabet No. Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part Latin alphabet No.
Information and documentation — Hebrew alphabet coded character sets for bibliographic information interchange. Information processing — Arabic 7-bit coded character set for information interchange. Information technology — Standardized coded graphic character sets for use in 8-bit codes. Acknowledge was reassigned, so the character became exclusively for underlining.
The idea was to overprint text with underline characters, as was common when using typewriters. References: as printed representation of "acknowledge" control: L. Eric Fischer has kindly given the following additional information in an E-mail message; here slightly edited for use on the Web :. Unfortunately L. Griffin's report on the October, ISO meeting isn't really an ideal source for early information about this character.
I cited it because this was the meeting where the character was added to the draft ISO standard, but the report never actually refers to it by name. It appears to have been at their May , meeting that the CCITT decided that the proposed ISO 7-bit code standard would be suitable for their needs if a lower case alphabet and five diacritical marks, including the grave accent, were added to it.
At the October meeting , then, the ISO subcommittee altered the ISO draft to meet the CCITT requirements, replacing the up-arrow and left-arrow with diacriticals, adding diacritical meanings to the apostrophe and quotation mark, and making the number sign a dual for the tilde. The character was finally mentioned by name when the second ISO draft was distributed in December, Here it is unambiguously the grave accent, with no mention of the opening single quotation mark. The use of the character as a quotation mark seems to appear only in the US versions of the standard.
It wouldn't surprise me if this meaning was added only to justify the replacement of the left-arrow to English speakers who would have little use for the grave accent. This made it easier to exchange data between computers in different countries; For programmers outside the USA, too, life became easier, as many of the US-ASCII characters released for replacement in the ISO standard, which are partially or completely missing in the other ISO variants, are often in many programming languages occurrence.
ISO also forms the basis for the character coding in teletext. In the meantime, these 8-bit character sets have to gradually give way to Unicode. These national variants were often used on older computer systems pre- PC to e. An alphabet that a consists of a different seven-binary-digit pattern for each different letter, numeral, special sign and symbol, or control character, b is used for effecting information interchange, c has been established by international agreement, d is a result of a joint agreement between the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee CCITT of the International Telecommunication Union ITU and the International Organization for Standardization ISO , e is published as CCITT Recommendation V3 and as ISO , f has been adopted by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO for military use, g has 12 of the seven-binary-digit patterns unassigned for use in a given country that may have unique language requirements, such as monetary symbols and diacritical marks, such as the tilde, umlaut, circumflex, and dieresis, h has been adopted and adapted in the United States as the American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII , published Skip to main content Skip to table of contents.
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